Search results for "Adult stem cell"
showing 10 items of 120 documents
Prox1 Is Required for Oligodendrocyte Cell Identity in Adult Neural Stem Cells of the Subventricular Zone
2016
Abstract Adult neural stem cells with the ability to generate neurons and glia cells are active throughout life in both the dentate gyrus (DG) and the subventricular zone (SVZ). Differentiation of adult neural stem cells is induced by cell fate determinants like the transcription factor Prox1. Evidence has been provided for a function of Prox1 as an inducer of neuronal differentiation within the DG. We now show that within the SVZ Prox1 induces differentiation into oligodendrocytes. Moreover, we find that loss of Prox1 expression in vivo reduces cell migration into the corpus callosum, where the few Prox1 deficient SVZ-derived remaining cells fail to differentiate into oligodendrocytes. Thu…
Isolation, culture and analysis of adult subependymal neural stem cells
2016
Individual cells dissected from the subependymal neurogenic niche of the adult mouse brain proliferate in medium containing basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and/or epidermal growth factor (EGF) as mitogens, to produce multipotent clonal aggregates called neurospheres. These cultures constitute a powerful tool for the study of neural stem cells (NSCs) provided that they allow the analysis of their features and potential capacity in a controlled environment that can be modulated and monitored more accurately than in vivo. Clonogenic and population analyses under mitogen addition or withdrawal allow the quantification of the self-renewing and multilineage potency of these cells and the id…
Stable and Efficient Genetic Modification of Cells in the Adult Mouse V-SVZ for the Analysis of Neural Stem Cell Autonomous and Non-autonomous Effects
2016
Relatively quiescent somatic stem cells support life-long cell renewal in most adult tissues. Neural stem cells in the adult mammalian brain are restricted to two specific neurogenic niches: the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus and the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ; also called subependymal zone or SEZ) in the walls of the lateral ventricles. The development of in vivo gene transfer strategies for adult stem cell populations (i.e. those of the mammalian brain) resulting in long-term expression of desired transgenes in the stem cells and their derived progeny is a crucial tool in current biomedical and biotechnological research. Here, a direct in vivo method …
Donor age and long-term culture do not negatively influence the stem potential of limbal fibroblast-like stem cells
2016
AbstractBackgroundIn regenerative medicine the maintenance of stem cell properties is of crucial importance. Ageing is considered a cause of reduced stemness capability. The limbus is a stem niche of easy access and harbors two stem cell populations: epithelial stem cells and fibroblast-like stem cells. Our aim was to investigate whether donor age and/or long-term culture have any influence on stem cell marker expression and the profiles in the fibroblast-like stem cell population.MethodsFibroblast-like stem cells were isolated and digested from 25 limbus samples of normal human corneo-scleral rings and long-term cultures were obtained. SSEA4 expression and sphere-forming capability were ev…
Intranasal Administration of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Human Teeth Stem Cells Improves Motor Symptoms and Normalizes Tyrosine Hydroxylase E…
2018
Abstract Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. At present, there is no effective cure for PD; treatments are symptomatic and do not halt progression of neurodegeneration. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can cross the blood–brain barrier and represent promising alternative to the classical treatment strategies. In the present study, we examined therapeutic effects of intranasal administration of EVs derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth stem cells (SHEDs) on unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) medial forebrain bundle (MFB) rat model of PD. CatWalk gait tests revealed that EVs effectively suppressed 6-OHDA-…
Unique Organization of the Nuclear Envelope in the Post-natal Quiescent Neural Stem Cells
2017
Summary Neural stem cells (B1 astrocytes; NSCs) in the adult ventricular-subventricular-zone (V-SVZ) originate in the embryo. Surprisingly, recent work has shown that B1 cells remain largely quiescent. They are reactivated postnatally to function as primary progenitors for neurons destined for the olfactory bulb and some corpus callosum oligodendrocytes. The cellular and molecular properties of quiescent B1 cells remain unknown. Here we found that a subpopulation of B1 cells has a unique nuclear envelope invagination specialization similar to envelope-limited chromatin sheets (ELCS), reported in certain lymphocytes and some cancer cells. Using molecular markers, [3H]thymidine birth-dating, …
Contribution of the Cancer Stem Cell Phenotype to Hepatocellular Carcinoma Resistance
2017
The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis is an increasingly accepted concept in cancer research that provides a plausible explanation for the considerable phenotypic and molecular heterogeneities observed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) which hampers therapeutic progress. The hypothesis infers that CSCs share functional properties similar to adult stem cells, such as self-renewal and differentiation capacity, and are exclusively responsible for tumor evolution. By definition, CSCs are held responsible not only for tumor initiation and progression but also acquisition of chemoresistance and the fueling of relapse after therapy. Therefore, the CSC model has significant implications both for tr…
Oral tissues regeneration using intraoral mesenchymal stem cells
2021
Background Oral pathologies or some treatments can cause facial and functional alterations, being fundament to retrieve those functions restoring the original anatomy of the lost tissues. On this purpose, various techniques have been studied, one of these was the tissue engineering. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent adult stem cells. The MSC in the oral cavity have been striking for regenerative therapies by its high plasticity, good interaction with scaffolds and growth factors, good proliferation and differentiation, they are also easy to obtain. Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the current uses of the intraoral MSC for the regeneration of the tissues of t…
Comparative study of the production of soluble factors in human placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells grown in adherent conditions or as ag…
2019
Abstract Different approaches have been studied in both preclinical and clinical settings to develop cell-based therapies and/or engineered cell-based therapies to better integrate grafts with the host. In these techniques, much attention is addressed to the use of adult stem cells such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), but identifying and obtaining sufficient numbers of therapeutic cells, and the right route of administration, is often a challenge. In this study, we tested the feasibility of encapsulating human amnion-derived MSCs (hAMSCs) in a semipermeable and biocompatible fiber as a new approach for regenerative medicine. Our data showed that hAMSCs aggregated in the device constitutes…
Stem Cells and the Endometrium: From the Discovery of Adult Stem Cells to Pre-Clinical Models.
2021
Adult stem cells (ASCs) were long suspected to exist in the endometrium. Indeed, several types of endometrial ASCs were identified in rodents and humans through diverse isolation and characterization techniques. Putative stromal and epithelial stem cell niches were identified in murine models using label-retention techniques. In humans, functional methods (clonogenicity, long-term culture, and multi-lineage differentiation assays) and stem cell markers (CD146, SUSD2/W5C5, LGR5, NTPDase2, SSEA-1, or N-cadherin) facilitated the identification of three main types of endogenous endometrial ASCs: stromal, epithelial progenitor, and endothelial stem cells. Further, exogenous populations of stem c…